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To report an adverse event or product quality complaint, call 1-877-TAKEDA-7 (1-877-825-3327)
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Signs and symptoms of MMN include weakness in the hands, lower arms, and the lower limbs. Patients may experience cramping, involuntary contractions or twitching, and wasting of affected muscles.1 MMN is commonly misdiagnosed, which can lead to inappropriate treatment and progression of muscle weakness and/or disability.3,4,5,6,7
In the U.S., the prevalence of MMN is approximately 1 to 2 per 100,000, and the disease can mimic the early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease), although it only has a third of the prevalence of ALS.3,8,9,10
First symptoms appear before the age of 50 in almost 80% of patients, with the mean age of onset at 40 years (range 20 to 70 years).3 Men are 2.7 times more likely to be affected by MMN than women.6
The diagnosis of MMN requires clinical weakness without objective sensory loss and without upper motor neuron signs:5,11
Normal results are required for sensory nerve conduction studies.5 Laboratory and electrodiagnostic tests may help confirm the diagnosis but may not be definitive:3
The exact mechanism of the disease is unknown.3 It is hypothesized that the slowed or faulty nerve conduction in MMN is due to demyelination of the myelin sheath or injury to the nerve itself by:3,13
CB is the characteristic finding in MMN and is believed to be the underlying electrophysiological cause of muscle weakness.4 However, axon loss rather than CB is the most important determinant of permanent weakness and disability.3
A differential diagnosis is necessary to differentiate MMN from diseases with similar symptoms, such as ALS and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).3,4,5 Even with an accurate diagnosis, treatment options for MMN are limited and are aimed at modulating the aberrant immune responses.4,11,14,15
The goals of treatment are to:
Reverse motor CB15
Limit damage to axons to prevent permanent nerve damage8,15
Limit damage to myelin sheath and mitigate impaired signal conduction in nerves3,11
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Additional Resources
Find materials to help foster a deeper understanding of Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN).
An overview of Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN) clinical presentation and diagnostic considerations.
An overview of the task force guideline recommendations for diagnosing Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN).
Medication Resources
[Immune Globulin Infusion(Human)]